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Cardiology

Terramed > Directions > Cardiology

Cardiology (from cardio 
“heart” and
logia
“science”) is  a part  of medicine studying 
structure, function, diseases of heart and vessels, causes of their
diseases,  development mechanisms, clinical symptoms in
cardiology, diagnostics, and also developing treatment methods in
cardiology (including surgical), prophylaxis, problems  of
medical rehabilitation in  patients with 
cardiovascular system affection.



Major factors of risk of cardiovascular diseases development
are:

  • The age – men at the age of 45  and over; women at the age
    of 50 and over.
  • The  heightened  level of cholesterol – over 5,2 mmol/l.
  • The heightened  level of lipoproteins of  low density
    and the lowered level of lipoproteins of high density.
  • Hypodynamia
  • Smoking
  • The excessive taking  of alcoholic drinks
  • Accompanying pathology (first of all – diabetes, thyrotoxicosis,
    diseases  kidneys diseases , climax, etc.
  • The heredity factor (a number of cardiological diseases can 
    be inherited  – for example an arterial hypertension, ischemic 
    heart disease )
  • And one of the most important risk factors of development of a
    cardiovascular pathology – stress.
The most representative heart diseases  which 
practicing cardiologists  have to face  are  the
arterial hypertension and ischemic  heart disease (that 
includes such forms as  myocardial infarction  and
stenocardia). One should pay  special attention to 
arterial hypertension. Cardiologists sometimes call arterial
hypertension  «a silent murderer». Arterial hypertension has
got this name as it  silently, gradually  leads  to
irreversible changes in a human organism.

Arterial hypertension causes  development of the
following complications:

  •  Insult (ischemic and hemorrhagic)
  •  Stenocardia and a  myocardial infarction
  •  Chronic renal insufficiency
  •  Depraved vision
  •  Affection of the vessels of low extremities.

According to the last recommendations of the World
Organization of Public Health Services,  1999,  the normal
level  of arterial blood pressure is under 130/85 mm hg, the
level of blood  pressure between 130/85 and 140/90 mm hg 
is considered as  high normal, and blood pressure
140/90 mm hg and over  is considered as arterial hypertension.
Nowadays in the world there  are  a lot  of different 
preparations reducing arterial pressure. Modern  technologies 
give  possibility  to prescribe antihypertensive
medicines  once or twice  a day. However in most cases 
the  treatment of  arterial hypertension must
be combined ( taking  of two and more medicines
 together ). And in such situation consultation of the
cardiologist  to  match  the most effective
combination of medicines is necessary. Clinical and
instrumental-laboratory examination  of the patient is also 
necessary. 

One should  remember that  to prevent 
development of complications of  arterial hypertension, and 
other cardiovascular diseases is  easier than to
treat these complications. 

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